Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common virus that can cause various infections in humans. There are two types of herpes simplex viruses: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1): This type is typically associated with oral herpes, causing cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth and on the face. However, HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes through oral-genital contact. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2): This type is primarily associated with genital herpes, causing sores and blisters in the genital and anal areas. However, HSV-2 can also cause oral herpes through genital-to-oral contact. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person's lesions, mucosal surfaces, and sometimes through skin-to-skin contact when the virus is shedding, even in the absence of visible sores. The viruses can be transmitted through oral, genital, or anal sex. Once infected, the virus can remain dormant in the body for periods and may reactivate, leading to recurrent outbreaks. The reactivation can be triggered by various factors, including stress, illness, menstruation, and exposure to sunlight. It's important to note that herpes infections are common, and many people may have the virus without showing symptoms. Antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks, but there is currently no cure for herpes.
